RESEARCH

Characterizing Nature and Participant Experience in Studies of Nature Exposure for Positive Mental Health: An Integrative Review

This review of nature exposure studies found that while many elements of nature, such as trails and water features, are commonly associated with positive mental health benefits, most studies lack detailed descriptions of these environments and participant experiences. The results highlight the need for more comprehensive reporting in future studies to help urban planners and designers effectively incorporate nature-based solutions into city planning to enhance mental health outcomes.

Program Types: Therapeutic

Population Groups: Mental Health Challenges/Trauma, General Population

Setting or Context: Urban vs. Rural Settings, Natural Areas/Parks/Forest

Health and Wellness Outcomes: Improved Mental Health, Enhanced Emotional Well-being, Improved Cognitive Function, Increased Self-Efficacy

Allied Profession Intersections: Landscape Design

Type of Activity: Outdoor Gardening

Evidence Type: Peer-Reviewed Studies, Meta-Analyses/Systematic Reviews

Measurement and Evaluation: Metrics for Mental Health

Access: Free

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Summary

This review explores how spending time in nature affects mental health. Many studies have shown that being in nature can improve mood and reduce stress, but it’s not clear which specific elements of nature are most beneficial. The researchers looked at 30 studies involving 41 different natural environments to understand what features of these spaces contribute to positive mental health outcomes. They considered elements like forests, grasslands, water features, and built structures like trails and benches.

The review found that most studies involved walking in nature, often alone, during warmer seasons. Trails were present in almost all the natural areas studied, and both small and large built structures were common. Water features, whether natural or built, were also frequently found. However, most studies lacked detailed descriptions of the natural environments and participant experiences, making it difficult for urban planners and designers to apply these findings effectively. The researchers recommend that future studies provide more detailed information about the natural environments and how participants interact with them to better inform urban design and public health initiatives.

Link

Barnes, M.R., Donahue, M.L., Keeler, B.L. et al. (2019). Characterizing nature and participant experience in studies of nature exposure for positive mental health: An integrative review. Front. Psychol., 9, 2617.

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