RESEARCH
An Analysis of Theoretical Perspectives in Research on Nature-Based Interventions and Pain
Summary
This article explores the potential of nature-based interventions (NBIs) to treat chronic pain. Chronic pain results from complex physiological, psychological, and environmental factors, often exacerbated by stress and anxiety. NBIs, which include exposure to green spaces, forest therapy, and simulated natural environments, have shown promise in reducing pain perception and stress. To evaluate the theoretical underpinnings of these interventions, the authors conducted a two-step review: a literature review of relevant studies and a theoretical analysis using Walker and Avant’s framework. The review identified two dominant theories—Stress Reduction Theory (SRT) and Attention Restoration Theory (ART)—as commonly applied frameworks in NBI research. However, these theories were found to inadequately address the concept of pain directly, highlighting a gap in theoretical development.
The study reviewed nine articles that met inclusion criteria, focusing on experimental designs involving NBIs and pain. Results indicated that NBIs could reduce pain through decreased inflammation (via forest aerosols) and improved autonomic nervous system responses. However, the theoretical critique revealed limitations in existing frameworks like SRT and ART, which primarily address stress and attention but do not explicitly define or measure pain. The authors emphasize the need for new or adapted theories to align with pain-specific outcomes in NBI research. Without robust theoretical foundations, future studies risk relying on proxy measures, potentially misrepresenting findings. This work underscores the importance of advancing theory to guide the effective application of NBIs in chronic pain management.
