RESEARCH

Horticultural Therapy for General Health in the Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This meta-analysis, encompassing fifteen studies focusing on older adults, found that horticultural therapy improves quality of life and physical function compared to non-gardeners, and may even positively influence BMI and mood.

Program Types: Therapeutic

Population Groups: Older Adults/Seniors, Children/Youth, Dementia/Traumatic & Acquired Brain Injuries, Mental Health Challenges/Trauma, General Population

Setting or Context: Community Gardens, Homes/Private Residences

Health and Wellness Outcomes: Enhanced Emotional Well-being, Improved Cognitive Function, Improved Physical Health, Longevity & Aging Well, Improved Quality of Life

Type of Activity: Outdoor Gardening, Edible Plant Gardening

Evidence Type: Peer-Reviewed Studies, Meta-Analyses/Systematic Reviews, Randomized Controlled Trials, Quantitative Research

Measurement and Evaluation: Metrics for Mental Health, Metrics for Physical Health, Program Effectiveness

Access: Free

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Summary

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of horticultural therapy on the general health of older adults. The methodology involved searching electronic databases, grey literature, and clinical trial registers for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-RCTs, and cohort studies about HT for adults over 60. Outcome measures included physical function, quality of life, BMI, mood (tested by self-reported questionnaire), and immune cell expression.

The review included fifteen studies (thirteen RCTs and two cohort studies) involving 1046 older participants. Meta-analysis showed that horticultural therapy resulted in a better quality of life and physical function versus non-gardeners, with similar findings for BMI and mood. While horticultural therapy might also positively influence blood pressure and immunity, the evidence quality for these outcomes was deemed moderate. The study concludes that horticultural therapy may improve physical function and quality of life, reduce BMI, and enhance positive mood in older adults, with a potentially suitable duration of 60-120 minutes per week for 1.5 to 12 months, though an optimal recommendation remains unclear.

Link

Wang, Z., Zhang, Y., Lu, S., Tan, L., Guo, W., Lown, M., Hu, X., & Liu, J. (2022). Horticultural therapy for general health in the older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 17(2), e0263598.

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