RESEARCH

What Is the Impact of Using Outdoor Spaces Such as Gardens on the Physical and Mental Well-Being of Those With Dementia? A Systematic Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Evidence

This systematic review evaluates the impact of outdoor spaces, particularly gardens, on the physical and mental well-being of individuals with dementia in residential care settings.

Program Types: Therapeutic

Population Groups: Dementia/Traumatic & Acquired Brain Injuries

Setting or Context: Assisted Living/Long-Term Care Homes

Health and Wellness Outcomes: Improved Mental Health, Enhanced Emotional Well-being, Increased Sense of Belonging (Reduced Isolation), Improved Stress Management, Improved Cognitive Function, Sensory Stimulation, Increased Social Engagement & Skills

Allied Profession Intersections: Recreational Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Social Work

Type of Activity: Sensory Stimulation, Outdoor Gardening, Nature-Based Arts & Crafts

Evidence Type: Meta-Analyses/Systematic Reviews, Qualitative Research, Quantitative Research

Measurement and Evaluation: Metrics for Mental Health, Metrics for Physical Health, Standardized Assessment Tools, Program Effectiveness

Access: Free

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Summary

The study synthesizes findings from 17 studies, including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method research, to assess how access to gardens and outdoor spaces benefits people with dementia. The results suggest that spending time in gardens can reduce agitation and improve mood, with some studies reporting decreased use of medication and increased engagement in physical and social activities. However, evidence on broader physical health benefits, such as improved sleep and fall reduction, remains inconclusive due to study limitations.

Qualitative findings indicate that gardens provide opportunities for relaxation, reminiscence, and meaningful social interactions, contributing to a sense of normalcy and emotional well-being. However, barriers such as staff availability, safety concerns, and restricted access due to facility policies limit the effectiveness of these interventions. The study calls for more rigorous research with standardized outcome measures to better understand the therapeutic potential of gardens in dementia care and to address accessibility challenges within residential care settings.

Link

Whear, Rebecca & Thompson-Coon, Jo & Bethel, Alison & Abbott, Rebecca & Stein, Ken & Garside, Ruth. (2014). What Is the Impact of Using Outdoor Spaces Such as Gardens on the Physical and Mental Well-Being of Those With Dementia? A Systematic Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Evidence. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 15. 10.1016/j.jamda.2014.05.013.

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